Very impressive miniature effects in this film supervised by Lawrence Butler. Must have the most square rigged model ships in a studio tank ever. The pyrotechnics are also spectacular and the sheer volume of smoke from all the miniature cannon fire is staggering. The models also take quite a battering with quite a number on fire and a few exploding sending wood splinters flying.
I suspect the model ships were built in the "British" fashion with open bottoms and riding on trolleys that ran on rails on the tank floor (see this page Model Control). The distant ships are just flat painted cutouts positioned at the rear of the tank on the ground in front of the sky backing.
Many of the live action battle scenes use miniature shots as rear projected backgrounds.
The Victory miniature used in the film is preserved and on display at the Historic Dockyard, Chatham. The model is 7.6m (25feet) long and 6m high. I am guessing that this is probably 1/16 scale which means that on the model 3/4 of an inch equals one foot of the full size ship. You can see in the photos below that the model has a flat bottom and not a complete hull. This would not have been apparent when in the studio tank.
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